BLOG DE INGLES 

ALEJANDRO MISAEL HERNANDEZ GARCIA

JESUS JULIO GARCIA DE LOS SANTOS

3 BT

Must (Deberia)

Se utiliza cuando realizamos algo que es nesesario o muy probable.

-Afirmativa:

sujeto+must+verbo+complemento.

you must learn french

-Negativa:

sujeto+must+not+verbo+complemento.

you must not (musnt) learn french

-Interrogativa:

must+sujeto+verbo+complemento+?

must you learn french?

Should.

Lo utilizamos para indicar acciones que deberia realizar.

-Afirmativa:

sujeto+should+verbo+complemento.

you should learn french.

-Negativa:

sujeto+should+not (shouldnt)+verbo+complemento.

you shouldnt learn french.

-Interrogativa:

should+sujeto+verbo+complemento+?

must you learn french?

Could.

Se utiliza para pregunta por algo pero de manera auxiliar se utiliza tambien para posibilidades de notar y resatar capasidades y permisos.

-Afirmativa:

sujeto+could+verbo+complemento.

you could learn french

-Negativa:

sujeto+could+not (couldnt)+verbo+complemento.

you couldnt learn french

-Interrogativa:

could+sujeto+verbo+complemento+?

could you learn french?

Would (ria).

Se utiliza generalmente para frases condisionales para predicciones ofrecimientos y paea preguntar popr algo educadamente.

-Afirmativa:

sujeto+would+verbo+complemento.

you would learn french

-Negativa:

sujeto+would+not (wouldnt)+verbo+complemento.

you wouldnt learn french.

-Interrogativa:

would+sujeto+verbo+complemento+?

would you learn french?

Have/has to.

-Afirmativa:

sujeto+have/has to+verbo+complmento.

He/she has to workin a hospital

I/you/we/they have to working a hospital

-Negativa:

sujeto+do/does+not (dont/doesnt)+have to+verbo+complemento.

he/she/it does not (doesnt) have to working hospital

I/you/we/they do not (dont) have to working hospital

-Interrogativa:

do/does+sujeto+have to+verbo+complemento

does he/she/it have to work in a hospital

do you/we/they have working a hospital?

May and Might.

Utilizamos para decir que algunos es muy posibles o muy probable tambien se utiliza para preguntar por algo pero mas educadamente que con el auxiliar could.

May and Might : (puede y podria)

Estos auxiliares modales los hacemos para indicar una posibilidad y permisos ambos son equivalentes en su significado y en su uso pero might a differencia de may expresa una menor grado de su posibilidad.

Oraciones de la pagina 51 y 52 

Afirmativa.

1.-He has to work in a bank.

2.-I have to work on saturdays.
3.-They have to study a lot.

Negativa.
1.-He has not work in a bank.
2.-I have not work on saturdays.
3.-They have not to study a lot.

Interrogativa.
1.-Has he to work in a bank?
2.-Have I to work on saturdays?
3.-Have they to study a lot?

Oraciones de la pagina 55 a la 58.

Debo irme a casa ahora.

A: I must go home now

N: I must not go hme now.

I: Must I go home now?

Deves conservar tu habitacion ordenada.

A: You must keep your room tidy.

N: You must not keep your room tidy.

I: must you keep your room tidy?

Deberias tener vacaciones.

A: You should have a holiday.

N: You should not have a holiday.

I: should you have a holiday?

Tony sabia nadar cuando tenia seis años.

A: Tony could swim when he was six.

N: Tony could not swim when he was six.

I: could tony swim when he was six?

Me gustaria ir a londres.

A: You should have a holiday.

N: You should not have a holiday.

I: should you not have a holiday?

Peter estuvo trabajando juntos.

A: Peter was working very hard.

N: Peter was not working very hard.

I: was peter working very hard?

Estara cansado mañana.

A: He would be tired tomorrow.

N: He would not be tired tomorrow.

I: would he be tired tomorrow?

Tienes que conducir por la derecha en los EEUU.

A: You have to drive on the right in the usa.

N: You have not to drive on the right in the usa.

I: Have you to drive on the right in the usa?

Puede que me quede en la casa o puede que vaya a la discoteca.
A: I may stay at home or i may go to a disco.
N: I may stay not at home or i may go to a disco.
I: stay i many at home or i may go to a disco?

Verbos auxiliares modales.

Yo puedo bailar.

A: I can dance.

N: I cant dance

I: can I dance?

El deberia irse.

A: He should go.

N: he should not go.

I: should he go?

Nosotros ayudaremos.

A: We will help.

N: we will not help.

I: will we help?

Quiza trabajen.

A: They might work.

N: they might not work.

I: might they work?

Yo podria hacerlo.

A: I could do that

N: I could not that

I: could i that?

Yo ofreceria ayuda.

A: I would to help.

N: I would not to help.

I: Would I to help.

Escribe diez oraciones afirmativas y cambialas a la forma negativa e interrogativa de cada uno de los auxiliares modales.

1.-A: peter was working in the school.

N: peter was not working in the school.

I: was peter working in the school?

2.-A: I must go school now.

N: I must not go school now.

I: must I go school now?

3.-A: Diana was eat a hamburger.

N: Diana was not eat a hamburger.

I: was diana eat a hamburger?

4.- A: He should go a museum.

N: He should not go a museum.

I: should he go a museum?

5.- A: They might wer none.

N:  They might not wer none.

I: might they wer none?

6.- A: I can do count.

N: I cant do cuont.

I: can I do count?

7.- A: He should go working.

N: He should not go working.

I: should he go working?

8.- A: I could watch tv.

N: I could not watch tv.

I: could watch tv.

9.- A: I can eat pizza.

N: I can not eat pizza.

I: Can I eat pizza?

10.- A: He should go to the travel.

N: He should not go to the travel.

I: should he go to the travel.

Estructura Gramatical Presente perfecto.

-Afirmativa:

sujeto+have/has+verbo en pasado participio+complemento.

I have sent the letter.

She has lost the keys.

-Negativa:

sujeto+have/has+not+verbo en pasado participio+complemento

I have not sent the letter.

She has not lost the keys.

-Interrogativa.

have/has+sujeto+verbo en pasado participio+complemento+?

Have I sent the letter?

Has she lost the keys?

Ejercicio Presento perfecto pag .60 a 61

1.The electrician(repair)...the ligthing sistem.

A: The electrician have repaired the ligthing sistem.

N: The electrician have not repaired the ligthing sistem.

I: Have the electrician repaired the ligthing sistem?

2.A thief (steal)...Marys purse.

A: A thief has stealed marys purse.

N: A thief has not stealed marys purse.

I: has a thief marys purse?

3.They (acept).... Credit cards.

A: They have accept credits cards.

N: They have not accept credits cards.

I: Have they accept credits cards?

4.We (sing)... different songs at the camp.

A:We have singed different songs at the camp.

N: We have not singed different songs at the camp.

I: Have we sinted different songs at the camp?

5.The player (hit).... me whit the ball.

A: The have player hited me with the ball.

N: The have not player hited me with the ball.

I: Have the player hited me with the ball?

6.The student (print).....the megazine.

A: The student has printed the megazine.

N: The student has not printed the megazine.

I: Has the student printed the megazine?

7.The children (swim)....in the lake.
A: The children have swimed in the lake.
N: The children have not swimed in the lake.
I: Have the children swimed in the lake?

8.The inspector (show)....us the secret files.
A: The inspector has showed us the secret files.
N:The inspector has not showed us the secret files.
I: Has the inspector showed us the secret files?

9.Susan (get)....$50 as a prize.
A: Susan has geting $50 as prize.
N:  Susan has not geting $50 as prize.

10.The passengers (watch).....many movies.
A:The passenger has watched many movies.
N: The passenger has not watched many movies.
I: Has the passenger watched many movies?

Ejercicio pagina 62 a 63.

He (build)... a new departament.

A: he have builded a new departament.

N: he have not builded a new departament.

I: have he builded a new departament?

Jonathan(buy)....a new car and a new house.

A: jonathan has buyed a new car and new house.

N: jonathan has not buyed a new car and new house.

I: has jonathan buyed a new car and new house?

The president(visit).....the museum.

A: The president have visited the museum.

N: The president have not visited the museum.

I: have the president not visitedthe museum?

The secrtetary(ask)... The bost to sing letter.

A: the secretary have asked the bost to sing letter.

N: the secretary have not asked the bost to sing letter.

I: have the secretary not asked the bost to sing letter?

sarah (work)....for a buildingcompany.

A: sarah has worked for a building company.

N: sarah has not worked for a building company.

I: has sarah not worked for a building company?

The vokers(clean)....the theatre.

A: the vokers have tht theatre.

N: the vokers have not tht theatre.

I: have the vokers the theatre?

Jane(cut)..her finger.

A: Jane has cuted her finger.

N: jane has not cuted finger.

I: has jane cuted her finger?

Frank(six)...his bycicled.

A: frank has six his bicycled.

N: frank has not six his bicycled.

I: has frank not six bicycled?

Peter (eat)..... a lot of sandwiches.

A: Peter has eating a lot of sandiwches.

N: Peter has eating a lot of sandiwches.

I: has peter eating a lot of sandwiches?

My brothers (spend)....their holiday sabred.
A: my brothes has spending their holiday sabred.
N: my brothes has not spending their holiday sabred.
I: my brothers spending their holiday sabred?

63 a 66

1

A:Diana has slept util 6 o´clock

N: Diana not has slept util 6 o´clock

I: has Diana slept util 6 o´clock?

2

A:I have considered travelling the possitibility of abroad

N: I not have considered travelling the possitibility of

abroad

I: have I considered travelling the possitibility of abroad?

3

A: sally has about thought her job

N: sally not has about thought her job

I: has sally about thought her job?

4

A:the director has meeting an arranged important

N: the director not has meeting an arranged important

I: has the director meeting an arranged important?

5

A:my mother has a lot of the letters written to governor

N: my mother has a lot of the letters written to governor

I: has my mother a lot of the letters written to governor?

6

A:tom and mary have the movie enjoyed

N: tom and mary not have the movie enjoyed

I: have tom and mary the movie enjoyed?

7

A: I have many mistakes made the in exam

N: I not have many mistakes made the in exam

I: have I many mistakes made the in exam?

8

A: shara has a delicious made dinner

N: shara not has a delicious made dinner

I: has shara a delicious made dinner?

9

A: I have the tired exercises to do

N: I not have the tired exercises to do

I:have I the tired exercises to do?

10

A:she has listened the concert on the radio

N: she not has listened the concert on the radio

I: has she listened the concert on the radio?

11

A:my has played golf neighbour

N: my not has played golf neighbour

I: has my played golf neighbor?

12

A:my father has smoked ten agarettes

N: my father not has smoked ten agarettes

I: has my father smoked ten agarettes?

13

A: sam has saved to money enough buy new car

N: sam not has saved to money enough buy new car

I: has sam saved to money enough buy new car?

14

A:they problems have faced many

N: they problems not have faced many

I: have they problems faced many?

15

A:the worked have new a apartament built

N: the worked not have new a apartament built

I: have the worked new a apartament built?

16

A:john has seen movies a lot of

N: john not has seen movies a lot of

I: has john seen movies a lot of?

17

A:Michel has the house painted

N: Michel not has the house painted

I: has Michel the house painted?

18

A:the president has a conference given

N: the president not has a conference given

I: has the president a conference given

19

A:my friend has his house sold

N: my friend not has his house sold

I: has my friend his house sold?

20

A: the architects have new a started project

N: the architects not have new a started project

I: have the architects new a started project.

67 a 70

Sue (lose) the key of her car

A:Sue has lost the key of her car

N:Sue has not lost the key of her car

I: has sue lost the key of her car

peter (save) ____al most $7000 for a new motocycle.

a: peter has saved al most $7000 for a new motocycle.

n: peter has not saved al most $7000 for a new motocycle.

i: has peter saved al most $7000 for a new motocycle?

jenny (finish) ___her homework.

a: jenny has finished her homework.

n: jenny has not finished her homework.

i: has jenny finished her homework?

some boy (break) ____the windows.

a: some boy has broken the windows.

n: some boy has not broken the windows.

i: has some boy broken the windows?

my mother (buy) _____new glasses.

a: my mother has bought new glasses.

n: my mother has not bought new glasses.

i: has my mother bought new glasses?

i (read) ___a hundred pages of the book.

a: i have read a hundred pages of the book.

n: i have not read a hundred pages of the book.

i: have i read a hundred pages of the book?

mi niece (find) ____a valuable necklace.

a: my niece has found a valuable necklace.

n: my niece has not found a valuable necklace.

i: has my niece found a valuable necklace?

the town (suffer) _____terrible floods.

a: the town has suffered terrible floods.

n: the town has not suffered terrible floods.

i: has the town suffered terrible floods?

martha (think) ____very carefully her situation.

a: martha has thought very carefully her situation.

n: martha has not thought very carefully her situation.

i: has martha thought very carefully her situation?

sofie (study) ____so hard for the final exam.

a: sofie has stidied so hard for the final exam.

n: sofie has not stidied so hard for the final exam.

i: has sofie stidied so hard for the final exam?

we (write) ____a lot of beautiful poems.

a: we have written a lot of beautiful poems.

n: we have not written a lot of beautiful poems.

i: have we written a lot of beautiful poems?

margaret (travel) ____to italy.

a: margaret has traveled to italy.

n: margaret has not traveled to italy.

i: has margaret traveled to italy?

i (go) ___to the cinema.

a: i have gone to the cinema.

n: i have not gone to the cinema.

i: have i gone to the cinema?

they (bring) ___a lovely dog.

a: they have brought a lovely dog.

n: they have not brought a lovely dog.

i: have they brought a lovely dog?

sam (arrive) ____late to work.

a: sam has arrived late to work.

n: sam has not arrived late to work.

i: has sam arrived late to work?

mark (visit) ____wonderful cities in europe.

a: mark has visited wonderful cities in europe.

n: mark has not visited wonderful cities in europe.

i: has mark visited wonderful cities in europe?

my mother (make) _____ a nice dress for my sister.

a: my mother has made a nice dress for my sister.

n: my mother has not made a nice dress for my sister.

i: has my mother made a nice dress for my sister?

clare (invite) ____ her boyfrend to the wedding.

a: clare has invited her boyfrend to the wedding.

n: clare has invited her boyfrend to the wedding.

i: has clare invited her boyfrend to the wedding?

lia (want) ____to work in the fashion industry.

a: lia has wanted to work in the fashion industry.

n: lia has not wanted to work in the fashion industry.

i: has lia wanted to work in the fashion industry?

Blog 3 semestre grupo bt

Alejandro Misael Hernandez Garcia

cbta 139

Integrating theme ingles

About Project life

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Tema integrador español.

tema integrador en español    

 Acerca de la vida del proyecto

La vida del proyecto es un enfoque basado en la solución a scrapboo rey que fue creado para simplificar el proceso de finde a usted más tiempo para enojoy vida! que no requiere pegamento no hay tijeras, sin herramientas y sin necesidad de conocimientos de cualquier diseño kind.the de nuestros productos toma el trabajo de adivinar de diseño de diseño de modo que usted pueda centrarse en la grabación de sus cada día momentos a través de sus fotos y lo hace usted possiblefor para completar más páginas en menos tiempo ...

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3

1. We (help) you.

we will help you

2. I (get) you a drink.

I will help you

3. I think our team (win) the match.

4. Maybe she (speak) french.

Maybe she will speak french

5. I (buy) the tickets.

I will buy the tickets

6. She (love) you.

she will love you

7. Maybe we (stacy) at home.

maybe we will stacy at home

8. She hopes that he (cok) dinner tonight.

She hopes that he will understand your problem

9. Im sure they (understand) your problem.

Im sure they will understand your problem.

10. They (go) to the party.

They will go to the party.

1. I/answer/the questions.

I answer the questions.

2. She/read/the book.

She will read the book.

3. They/drink/beer.

They will drink beer.

4. We/send/the postcard.

we will send the postacard.

5. Vanessa/catch/the ball.

vanessa will the ball catch.

6. James/open/the door.

james wont open the door.

7. We/listen/to the radio.

we will listen to the radio.

8. They/eat/Fish

They wont eat fish.

9. She/give/him/the apple.

she will give him the apple.

10. The computer/crash.

the computer will crash.

4

Write interrogative sentences in will future.

1.you/ask/him

will you ask him?

2.Jenny/lock/the door.

wiil jenny lock the door?

3.It/rain.

will it rain?

4. The teacher /test/our english.

will the teacher test our english?

5. What/they/eat/pizza.

what will they eat pizza?

6. When/she/come/back

when will she come back?

7. Who/drive/into town.

will who drive into town?

8.where/we/meet.

will where we meet?

9.When/I/get/fomous.

will when I get fomous?

10.What/you/do.

will what you do. 

5

Im could are you? will claset the window.

tengo frio puedes cerra la ventana.

I have to lose weight I will stop eating.

tengo que baiar de peso voy a dejar de comer chocolate.

I think brazil will win the football match.

creo que brazil va a ganar el partido de footbol.

I will have save 500 dollars by the an of this year.

habre haorrado 500 dolares a fin de año.

I think it will be cooler tomorrow.

creo que mañana va a hacer mas frio.

I promise you it won the stead again.

te prometo que no voy a robar de nuevo.

Will you come to dinner?

¿quieres venir a cenar?

We will be flyng to london tomorrow at this hour.

Estamos luchando para mañana estar en londres a esta hora.

Wont you dance with me?

¿no quieres bailar conmigo?

They will buy a car.

que van a comprar un coche.

He will have to talk to hir father.

tendras que hablar con su padre.

7

John (fix)...................... his car this afternoon

A.john will be fixing his car this afternoon

N.john willnot be fixing his  car this afternoon

I. will John be fixin his car this afternoon?

I (study ....................... for the final exam next week

A.I will be study for the final exam next week

N.I will not bestuding for the final exam new week

I.will not be for the  final study exam nex week ?

I (fly)......................... to spain next monday

A.I will be fling to spain next  monday

N. I will not be fling  to spain next monday

I. will i be fluing to spain next munday?

we (see)....................jim this evening

A. we will be seaing jim this evening

N. we will not be seaing jim this evening

I. will we be seaing jim this evening?

peter (visit).............. you tomorrow morning

A.peter will be visiting you tomorrow morning

N.peter will not be visiting you tamorrow morning

I.will peter be visiting you tomorrow morning?

my father (come)..........next week

A. my father will be comeing next week

N. my father will not be comeing next week

I. will my father be comeing next week?

he (have)........................ dinner at nine

A. he will be hareing dinner at nine

N.he will not be hareing  dinner at nine

I.will he be hareing dinner at nine?

tom (paint).................... the  house tamorrow morning

A.tom will be painting the  house tamorroow morning

N.will tom be paint the house tamorrow

I.

next sunday susan and michel (travel)........................to London

A. next sunday susan and michel will be traveling  to London

N. next susan and michel not be traveling to London

I. next  sunday susan and will michel be traveling to London?

my parents (stay)........................ina luxurioos hotel in italy

A.I (have)......................dinner with my family tomorrow night

N.I will not be haveing dinner with my family tomorrow night

I.will i be haveing dinner writh my family tomoroow night?

mary (attend)........................ mia's wedding  next month

A.mary will be attening mia's wending next mont

N.mary will not be attending mia's wedding next month

I.will mary be attend mia's wedding next month?

 I (work)........................ the whole evening in next month

A.I will be working the whole evening in next month

N.I will not be working the whole evening in next month

I.will i working the whole evening next month?

I (clean)........................the house this week

A.I will be cleaning the house this week

N. I willnot be cleaning the house this week

I. will i cleaning the house this?

8

Jane (study) ...................... the whole week for the final test

a) studied

b)will study

c)will be studying

Mariane (have).................dinner with their grandparents tonight

a)was having

b)will be having

c)had

Next Friday I (cut)...............the grass

a)will be cutting

b)cut

c)have cut

 Tomorrow Brian(have).................his hair cut.

a)will have

b)had

c)will be having

Jeniffer(move).........................to her new neighbourhood next Saturday

a)is be moving

b)be moving

c)will be moving

The meeting(take).....................place at the office.

a)was taking

b)will be taking

c)will take

Isabella(achieve)......................her ambition of being an engineer next week

a)will be achieving

b)achieving

c)have achieving

At this time tomorrow I(see)...................the doctor.

a)was be seeing

b)were be seeing

c)will be seeing

In his next birtthday Sam(get)......................a new dog.

a)will be get

b)will get

c)will be getting

Scientitis(explain)....................the functions of the human  body at the laboratory tonight

a)are be explaining

b)will be explaining

c)wil explain

Next year Tom(start)............................ a new career

a) will be starting

b)will started

c)started

My  father (earn)..........................a lot of money next month

a)will earn

b)will be earning

c)earned

The doctor (attend)......................a lot of patients next  Monday

a)will be atended

b)will be atendeding

c)will atend

My best friend(stay).......................at home for a few days

a)will be staying

b)stayed

c)will be stayed

Only one gusrd (protect)........................the president for the next days

a)will protected

b)will protecting

c)will be protected

9

Afirmativa

1..i am going to learn the exam

2..i am going to study for the final exam next week

3.. we are going to see jim this evening

4..i am going to it maght rain

5..yoo are going to many lough at me

6..my fateher is going to eat xice

7..we are going to play basketball

8..she is going to have the book read

9..you are going run in the park

10..you are going run in the park

Negativa

1..i am not going to learn the exam

2..i am not  going to study for  the exam next week

3..she is not going to hare the book read

4..we are not going to see jim this evening

5..i am not  going to it might rain

6..yoo are not gooing to may laugh at me

7.. he is not going to buy a the shoes

interrogativa

1..am i going to leain the exam?

2..am i going to study for the final exam?

3..is she going to have the book readp

4..are we going to see jim this evening?

5..am i going to see jim this?

6..am i going to it main raing?

7..am i going to study today?

8..am i going to eat pizza?

9..are we going to more hass?

10..am i going to answer it?

10

1. He is going to han his phone.(to phone)

2. we are going to play a computer game.(to play)

3. My sister is going to watch tv.(to watch)

4.You are going to have a picnic next thesday. (to have)

5. Jane is going to go to her friend. (to go)

6.They are going to walk to the bus stop this afternnon.(to walk)

7.His brother is going to a letter to his uncle today. ( to write)

8.She are going to visit her aunt. ( to visit)

blog de leoye 2 bimestre 2
Alejandro Misael Hernandez Garcia. 2 bt

-sintesis del tema 1 ¨ textos literarios¨ (figuras ratoricas).

¿Que son la figuras literarias?

En el lenguaje literario las palabras son un fin en si mismas, el autor seleciona el lenguaje para enriquecer la capacidad lexica de una lengua.

Se entiende por ¨figura¨ en su esepcion mas amplia, cualquier tipo de recursos o manipulacion del lenguaje con fines retoricos, antiguamente se aplicaba ala oratoria, pero al entrar esta en decadencia paso a la literatura y actualmente se aprecia con mayor enfasis en la publicidad.

Entonces, las figuras literarias (llamadasw tambien figuras de retorica o recursos literaturios) son recursos del lenguaje literario utilizados por el poeta para dar mas belleza y una mejor expreion a sus palabras; es decir, el poeta usa estos recursos para dar mayor exprevesidad a sus sentimientos y emociones intimas, a su mundo interior; aunque no hay que olvidar que tambien podemos encontrar dichas figuras en el lenguaje coloquial.

- mapa conceptual figuras retoricas.

- Conceptos.

1. Simil:En la actualidad, los repertorios de figuras literarias no establecen distinción entre el símil y la comparación¹ y se insiste en el uso de elementos de relación como “como”, “cual”, “que” o “se asemeja a” para diferenciar formalmente a esta figura de lametáfora. Es una comparación con conectores.

Los símiles son ampliamente utilizados en la literatura, tanto en la moderna como en la antigua. Virgilio y Dante refinaron el símil épico para desarrollar con gran precisión una multiplicidad de comparaciones con una sola imagen o acción extensa.

John Keats demuestra que es un "hombre del arte" demostrando esa habilidad en Hyperion, donde compara a los dioses caídos con Stonehenge.

William Shakespeare utiliza los símiles, implicando con frecuencia referencias históricas, por ejemplo en la obra Julio César.

Los símiles son también ampliamente utilizados en la literatura moderna. Sin embargo tienden a ser más espontáneos y expresivos. Los símiles se puede también leer como una alegoría formulada. En la lengua cotidiana también se incorporan símiles, tales como “es tan astuto como un zorro” o “negro como boca de lobo”.

2.Epiteto:Un epíteto (del griego epitet, ‘agregado’) es un adjetivo calificativo que resalta las características y cualidades de un sustantivo (el frío en la nieve, el calor en el fuego, la humedad en el agua, etc.).Sin distinguirlo de los de mas de su grupo. Son muy frecuentes acompañando nombres de divinidades, reyes o personajes históricos, tales como Atenea «Partenos» (Atenea «Virgen»), Alejandro «Magno», Alfonso X «el Sabio» o febe (dios titánide).

3.Etopeya:La etopeya es una figura literaria que consiste en la descripción de rasgos psicológicos o morales de una persona, como son el carácter, cualidades, virtudes, cualidades espirituales o costumbres de uno o varios personajes comunes o célebres.

Ejemplo:

Su vivir se asemeja, en el andar sin descanso, a un evangelista del civismo, cuya inmensa caída de prosélitos él viera por seis lustros alimentando muchedumbres, libertando galeotes, avizorando lejanías, fascinando mieses de pasión, aromando la extraña como propia tienda con el precioso sándalo de la bondad y del ingenio.

4.Apocope:En gramática, una apócope (del griego apokopé < apokopto, "cortar") es un metaplasmo donde se produce la pérdida o desaparición de uno o varios fonemas o sílabas al final de algunas palabras. Cuando la pérdida se produce al principio de la palabra se denomina aféresis, y si la pérdida tiene lugar en medio de la palabra se llama síncopa. Es una figura de dicción según la preceptiva tradicional.
5.Metafora:La metáfora (del griego μεταφορά, formado a partir de la preposición μετά, metá, «más allá, después de», y el verbo φορεῖν, phorein, «pasar, llevar») consiste en la identificación entre dos términos, de tal manera que para referirse a uno de ellos se nombra al otro.
El término es importante tanto en teoría literaria (donde designa a un recurso literario) como en lingüística (donde es una de las principales causas de cambio semántico).
6.Hiperbole:La hipérbole es una figura literaria que consiste en una exageración intencionada con el objetivo de plasmar en el interlocutor una idea o una imagen difícil de olvidar. Los grandes maestros literarios de la historia han recurrido a menudo a esta figura literaria. Un ejemplo de ello es Gracián cuando dice: «Devoró libros, pasto del alma».

7.Topografia:La topografía (del griego τόπος, ‘lugar’, y «-grafía», ‘descripción’) es la ciencia que estudia el conjunto de principios y procedimientos que tienen por objeto la representación gráfica de la superficie de la Tierra, con sus formas y detalles; tanto naturales como artificiales (véase planimetría y altimetría). Esta representación tiene lugar sobre superficies planas, limitándose a pequeñas extensiones de terreno, utilizando la denominación de «geodesia» para áreas mayores. De manera muy simple, puede decirse que para un topógrafo la Tierra es plana (geométricamente), mientras que para la geodesia no lo es.
Para eso se utiliza un sistema de coordenadas tridimensional, siendo la x y la y competencia de la planimetría, y la z de la altimetría.

-Diferencia entre cuento y novela.

La literatura se divide en varios géneros, como el cuento y la novela. La diferencia entre estos últimos no consiste solamente en que el cuento es breve y la novela larga. Por lo general, un cuento trata sólo un asunto y la novela puede relatar varias historias o una sola, pero con mucho más detalle. Como el cuento debe impresionarnos en menos páginas que la novela, su final suele ser sorprendente.

El cuento es la narración breve de un asunto imaginario. Sus partes son: el planteamiento, el nudo y el desenlace.

En el planteamiento se indica cuál es la situación problemática del cuento y se presenta a los personajes de la narración. También se indica el momento y el lugar de los hechos.

En el nudo la situación problemática del cuento alcanza su máxima complicación.

En el desenlace se soluciona la situación problemática. Es la parte final del cuento.

La novela es una obra literaria extensa que narra detalladamente sucesos imaginarios, pero verosímiles. La manera de ser y de pensar de los personajes de una novela se detallan de tal manera que parece que se trata de personas reales.

A continuación se presentan dos textos en los que se pueden apreciar mejor las diferencias entre ambos géneros, así como los elementos de una narración.

- sintesis de generos literarios.

El concepto de genero se ha ido conformando historicamente; se entiende por genero un conjunto de constantes retoricas y semioticas que identifican y permiten clasificar los textos literarios. Los generos literarios son los distintos grupos o categorias en que podemos clasificar las obras literarias atendiendo a su contenido.

Puede resultar sorprendente que aun se utilice la primera clasificacion de los generos, debida a aristoteles, quien los redujo a tres: epica, lirica y dramatica. Hoy se mantiene esencialmente la misma clasificacion con distintos nombres (narrativa, poesia, y teatro), pero la evolucion de los gustos y modas esteticas ha provocado que en muchos textos modernos resulte dificil fijar ridigamente los limites entre lo puremente lirico, lo narrativo o lo dramatico.

- mapa conceptual de generos literarios. 




- diferencia entre genero narrativo, lirico y gramatico.

El género narrativo o épico es un género literario en el que el autor utiliza un narrador para "contar" una historia, pueden ser sucesos reales o ficticios. Utiliza la prosa en sus formas de narración y descripción.

Los tipos de narraciones son: El cuento, la novela, la epopeya, el mito, la leyenda y la fabula.

Características Narran una historia. Utilizan un narrador. Presencia de personajes. Utiliza la ubicación del tiempo. Relata historias imaginarias o ficticias (sucesos o acontecimientos) Se pueden narrar hechos y acciones según el pre-historiador plasmick fue el primero en definir esto plasmick se basaba en hechos.

La lírica o género lírico es un Género Literario en el que el autor quiere transmitir sentimientos, emociones o sensaciones respecto a una persona u objeto de inspiración. La expresión habitual del género lírico es el poema. Aunque los textos líricos suelen utilizar como forma de expresión el verso, hay también textos líricos en prosa (prosa poética).

Drama es una palabra que proviene del griego y significa "hacer" o "actuar". Suele llamarse drama únicamente a aquella obra que incluye ciertos elementos, especialmente cuando tiene un "final trágico", pero el término hace referencia también a las obras cómicas (al menos en la cultura occidental, donde se considera que nació del término drama) y además incluye, pues, la Tragedia y la comedia. Posteriormente, el drama se divide en géneros realistas y géneros no realistas; entre los primeros quedaron inscriptas la tragedia y la comedia ya existentes, y en el siglo XX vino a agregarse la pieza de teatro y entre los segundos, el melodrama, la obra didactica y la Tragicomedia (también conocida como comedia trágica clásica), reconocidos como tales desde el Renacimiento. Además, a esto se suma la farsa, considerada como género imposible. Todos ellos tienen en común la representación de algún episodio o conflicto de la vida de los seres humanos por medio del diálogo de los personajes o del monólogo. En el género dramático, el autor lleva el desarrollo de la acción a la escena: los hechos no se relatan, sino que se representan. Su forma expresiva es el diálogo y los personajes adquieren vida gracias a unos actores que lo escenifican.

- sintesis de textos expositivos o cientificos.

Las obras expositivas comunican en forma racional y objetiva el resultado de una investigacion. sus paginas contienen informacion cientifica recabada por los hombres de ciencia sobre diversas areas del conocimiento humano.

a) Cientificos.- Propiamente dichos escritos por especialistas en un lenguaje tecnico- cientifico, para uso de otros especialistas en determinada rama del saber, por lo tanto solo tecnisismos.

b) Tecnologicos.- Escritos por tecnicos especialistas, con base en conocimiento cientifico pero con un enfoque practico.

d) Consulta.- Escrito por eruditos, especialistas, literarios, etc.